Although comparing the performance of all the different color/mesh-size combinations produced a lot of different numbers, it was generally found that the various types of red netting were much more effective than their black and/or white equivalents. For example, when it came to the 0.8-mm netting, the number of feeding marks on plants with the red-black and red-red netting was about one-ninth to one-quarter that of plants with the white netting. It was even found that in some cases, red netting with larger holes ?" through which the insects could physically pass ?" was still more effective than black or white netting with smaller holes. This finding suggests that the deterrent effect is vision-based, although the exact means by which it works is still not fully understood.